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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 January 2025. Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups primarily concentrated in South Asia This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2021) (Learn ...
Aryan (/ ˈ ɛər i ə n /), or Arya in Proto-Indo-Iranian, [1] is a term originating from the ethno-cultural self-designation of the Indo-Iranians, and later Iranians and Indo-Aryans. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It stood in contrast to nearby outsiders, whom they designated as non-Aryan ( * an-āryā ). [ 4 ]
The Indo-Iranian peoples, [10] [11] [12] also known as Ā́rya or Aryans from their self-designation, were a group of Indo-European speaking peoples who brought the Indo-Iranian languages to parts of Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia in waves from the first part of the 2nd millennium BC onwards.
Indo-Aryans form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in India (North India, East India, West India, and Central India), Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. [11] Dravidians form the predominant ethnolinguistic group in southern India , the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka and a small pocket of Pakistan. [ 12 ]
The Indo-Aryan migrations [note 1] were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages. [2] These are the predominant languages of today's Bangladesh , Maldives , Nepal , North India , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka .
Dravidian grammatical impact on the structure and syntax of Indo-Aryan languages is considered far greater than the Indo-Aryan grammatical impact on Dravidian. Some linguists explain this anomaly by arguing that Middle Indo-Aryan and New Indo-Aryan were built on a Dravidian substratum . [ 44 ]
Proto-Indo-Aryan (or sometimes Proto-Indic [a]) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is intended to reconstruct the language of the pre-Vedic Indo-Aryans. Proto-Indo-Aryan is meant to be the predecessor of Old Indo-Aryan (1500–300 BCE), which is directly attested as Vedic and Mitanni-Aryan.
The term Arya in different Iranian languages is assumed to derive from an unattested Proto-Iranian Áryah, itself derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian Áryas. As an ethnonym, it is also found in other Indo-Iranian peoples. [11] In Ancient India, the term Arya (Sanskrit: आर्य, ārya) is found as a self designation of the people of the Vedas.