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A multimodal interface provides several distinct tools for input and output of data. Multimodal human-computer interaction involves natural communication with virtual and physical environments. It facilitates free and natural communication between users and automated systems, allowing flexible input (speech, handwriting, gestures) and output ...
Multimodal Architecture and Interfaces is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 2005. It was published as a Recommendation of the W3C on October 25, 2012. The document is a technical report specifying a multimodal system architecture and its generic interfaces to facilitate integration and multimodal interaction ...
EMMA (Extensible Multi-Modal Annotations): a data exchange format for the interface between input processors and interaction management systems. It will define the means for recognizers to annotate application specific data with information such as confidence scores, time stamps, input mode (e.g. key strokes, speech or pen), alternative ...
An example is representational significance: do physical and digital representations have the same strength and salience? According to Mi Jeong Kim and Mary Lou Maher, the five basic defining properties of tangible user interfaces are as follows: [4] Space-multiplex both input and output. Concurrent access and manipulation of interface components.
In the context of human–computer interaction, a modality is the classification of a single independent channel of input/output between a computer and a human. Such channels may differ based on sensory nature (e.g., visual vs. auditory), [1] or other significant differences in processing (e.g., text vs. image). [2]
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Multimodal dialogue markup language: Developed initially by AT&T, then administered by an industry consortium and finally a W3C specification: Example: primarily for telephony. SALT: markup language: Multimodal dialogue markup language: Microsoft "has not reached the level of maturity of VoiceXML in the standards process". Quack.com - QXML ...
Multimodal application designs can use different modalities (for example, voice vs. touchscreen vs. keyboard and mouse) for different parts of a communication best suited to it. For example, voice input can be used to avoid having to type on the small screen of a mobile phone, but the screen may be a faster way of communicating a list or map ...