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Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
Isomers where hexane is the longest chain: Trimethyl. 2,2,3-Trimethylhexane; 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane; ... Isomers where pentane is the longest chain Tetramethyl
The number of possible isomers increases rapidly with the number of carbon atoms. For example, for acyclic alkanes: [3] C 1: methane only; C 2: ethane only; C 3: propane only; C 4: 2 isomers: butane and isobutane; C 5: 3 isomers: pentane, isopentane, and neopentane; C 6: 5 isomers: hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane ...
The following table shows that the intuitions from "non-polar", "polar aprotic" and "polar protic" are put numerically – the "polar" molecules have higher levels of δP and the protic solvents have higher levels of δH. Because numerical values are used, comparisons can be made rationally by comparing numbers.
It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C.
Functional isomers are structural isomers which have different functional groups, resulting in significantly different chemical and physical properties. [ 11 ] An example is the pair propanal H 3 C–CH 2 –C(=O)-H and acetone H 3 C–C(=O)–CH 3 : the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde , whereas the second has ...
Therefore, neopentane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, while the other two isomers are (barely) liquids. The melting point of neopentane (−16.6 °C), on the other hand, is 140 degrees higher than that of isopentane (−159.9 °C) and 110 degrees higher than that of n-pentane (−129.8 °C). This anomaly has been ...
Its principal utility is that it provides simple predictions of phase equilibrium based on a single parameter that is readily obtained for most materials. These predictions are often useful for nonpolar and slightly polar (dipole moment < 2 debyes [citation needed]) systems without hydrogen bonding. It has found particular use in predicting ...