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Cariprazine, sold under the brand name Vraylar among others, is an atypical antipsychotic developed by Gedeon Richter, [8] which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [9] It is also prescribed as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression [ 10 ] and major depressive disorder . [ 6 ]
Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
The difference between first- and second-generation antipsychotics is a subject of debate. The second-generation antipsychotics are generally distinguishable by the presence of 5HT2A receptor antagonism and a corresponding lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics. [15]
Second-generation antipsychotics, including risperidone, are effective in the treatment of manic symptoms in acute manic or mixed exacerbations of bipolar disorder. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] In children and adolescents, risperidone may be more effective than lithium or valproate , but has more metabolic side effects. [ 28 ]
Chlorpromazine was developed in 1950 and was the first antipsychotic on the market. [7] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9] [10] Its introduction has been labeled as one of the great advances in the history of psychiatry. [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication. [6]
Antipsychotics work best in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. [20] Second-generation or atypical antipsychotics (including aripiprazole , olanzapine , quetiapine , paliperidone , risperidone , and ziprasidone ) have emerged as effective mood stabilizers. [ 2 ]
Bipolar II disorder (BP-II) is a mood disorder on the bipolar spectrum, ... As a class, the first generation antipsychotics are associated with movement disorders, ...
Perphenazine is used to treat psychosis (e.g. in people with schizophrenia and the manic phases of bipolar disorder and OCD). Perphenazine effectively treats the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, but its effectiveness in treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as flattened affect and poverty of speech, is unclear.
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