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  2. Mass attenuation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_attenuation_coefficient

    Mass attenuation coefficients of selected elements for X-ray photons with energies up to 250 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance).

  3. Mathematical descriptions of opacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    absorption coefficient is essentially (but not quite always) synonymous with attenuation coefficient; see attenuation coefficient for details; molar absorption coefficient or molar extinction coefficient , also called molar absorptivity , is the attenuation coefficient divided by molarity (and usually multiplied by ln(10), i.e., decadic); see ...

  4. Attenuation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation_coefficient

    Tables of X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients from 1 keV to 20 MeV for Elements Z = 1 to 92 and 48 Additional Substances of Dosimetric Interest; IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Absorption coefficient". doi:10.1351/goldbook ...

  5. Mean free path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_free_path

    The mass attenuation coefficient can be looked up or calculated for any material and energy combination using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) databases. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In X-ray radiography the calculation of the mean free path is more complicated, because photons are not mono-energetic, but have some distribution of ...

  6. Attenuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

    In engineering, attenuation is usually measured in units of decibels per unit length of medium (dB/cm, dB/km, etc.) and is represented by the attenuation coefficient of the medium in question. [1] Attenuation also occurs in earthquakes; when the seismic waves move farther away from the hypocenter, they grow smaller as they are attenuated by the ...

  7. Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic...

    The mass attenuation coefficient (also called "mass extinction coefficient"), which is the absorption coefficient divided by density; The absorption cross section and scattering cross-section, related closely to the absorption and attenuation coefficients, respectively "Extinction" in astronomy, which is equivalent to the attenuation coefficient

  8. Emissivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissivity

    Spectral hemispherical attenuation coefficient: μ ν μ λ: m −1: Spectral radiant flux absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume. Directional attenuation coefficient: μ Ω: m −1: Radiance absorbed and scattered by a volume per unit length, divided by that received by that volume.

  9. Attenuation (disambiguation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation_(disambiguation)

    Attenuation coefficient, a basic quantity used in calculations of the penetration of materials by quantum particles or other energy beams Mass attenuation coefficient , a measurement of how strongly a chemical species or substance absorbs or scatters light at a given wavelength, per unit mass