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Temperature cycling (or temperature cycle) is the process of cycling through two temperature extremes, typically at relatively high rates of change. It is an environmental stress test used in evaluating product reliability as well as in manufacturing to catch early-term, latent defects by inducing failure through thermal fatigue .
The thermal cycler (also known as a thermocycler, PCR machine or DNA amplifier) is a laboratory apparatus most commonly used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [1] Thermal cyclers may also be used in laboratories to facilitate other temperature-sensitive reactions, including restriction enzyme digestion or rapid ...
Environmental stress screening (ESS) refers to the process of exposing a newly manufactured or repaired product or component (typically electronic) to stresses such as thermal cycling and vibration in order to force latent defects to manifest themselves by permanent or catastrophic failure during the screening process. The surviving population ...
The products currently in the manufacturing line are randomly picked every day with a predefined percentage or numbers and then put in a control drop tower or an environmental chamber. Control drop simulates physical interactions on the product, while environmental chamber simulates the stress profile of thermal cycling , elevated temperature ...
Example of a temperature/humidity chamber Example of a Walk-In Environmental Chamber used for automobile reliability testing in various simulated environment. An environmental chamber, also called a climatic chamber or climate chamber, is an enclosure used to test the effects of specified environmental conditions on biological items, industrial products, materials, and electronic devices and ...
A specialized environmental chamber is required for HALT. A suitable chamber also has to be capable of applying pseudo-random vibration with a suitable profile in relation to frequency. The HALT chamber should be capable of applying random vibration energy from 2 to 10,000 Hz in 6 degrees of freedom and temperatures from -100 to +200°C. [3]
Unlike temperature cycling, which involves gradual changes between high and low temperatures, thermal shock imposes abrupt transitions that can lead to immediate stresses within a material. This method is often used to evaluate a product's resistance to cracking , warping , or other forms of failure caused by sudden thermal gradients. [ 1 ]
This planetary gear train consists of a sun gear (yellow), planet gears (blue) and carrier (green) inside a ring gear (red) An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear (the "planet") revolves around the center of the other (the "sun").