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Pope Innocent XI (Latin: Innocentius XI; Italian: Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death on 12 August 1689. Political and religious tensions with Louis XIV of France were a constant preoccupation for Innocent ...
A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to an alleged beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found. Martyr popes This list is incomplete ; you ...
In Opposition to Pope Innocent II: 165 26 September 1143 – 8 March 1144 (164 days) Celestine II COELESTINVS Secundus: Guido Guelfuccio de Castello c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire 58 / 59 Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. 166 12 March 1144 – 15 February 1145 (340 days) Lucius II LUCIVS Secundus
Once pope-elect, Innocent XI made the College swear to the Conclave capitulation that had been drafted by the previous conclave before accepting his election, in an attempt to avoid any limits to the papal supremacy. Innocent was then formally enthroned as pope on 4 October 1676. Cardinals Virginio Orsini and Carlo Bonelli both died during the ...
The 1689 papal conclave was convened after the death of Pope Innocent XI. It led to the election of Cardinal Pietro Vito Ottoboni as Pope Alexander VIII. The conclave saw previous factions join together because they lacked numerical strength, and saw the rise of the zelanti as a political force in the election of the next pope. Ottoboni was ...
Ad Apostolicae Dignitatis Apicem was an apostolic letter issued against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243–54), during the Council of Lyon, 17 July 1245, the third year of his pontificate. 1245 (July 24) Grandi non immerito ("With good reason")
Pope Benedict XI: 1303 Beatified in 1736 by Pope Clement XII: 2 Pope Eugene III: 1145 Beatified in 1872 by Pope Pius IX: 3 Pope Gregory X: 1271 Beatified in 1713 by Pope Clement XI: 4 Pope Innocent V: 1276 Beatified in 1898 by Pope Leo XIII: 5 Pope Innocent XI: 1676 Beatified in 1956 by Pope Pius XII: 6 Pope Pius IX: 1846 Beatified in 2000 by ...
Pope Innocent II (1130–1143) Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254) Pope Innocent V (1276) Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362) Pope Innocent VII (1404–1406) Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Pope Innocent IX (1591) Pope Innocent X (1644–1655) Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689) Pope Innocent XII (1691–1700) Pope Innocent ...