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  2. Raindrop size distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raindrop_size_distribution

    The raindrop size distribution (DSD), or granulometry of rain, is the distribution of the number of raindrops according to their diameter (D).Three processes account for the formation of drops: water vapor condensation, accumulation of small drops on large drops and collisions between sizes.

  3. Earth rainfall climatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_rainfall_climatology

    The aim of rainfall climatology is to measure, understand and predict rain distribution across different regions of planet Earth, a factor of air pressure, humidity, topography, cloud type and raindrop size, via direct measurement and remote sensing data acquisition.

  4. Drop (liquid) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(liquid)

    Scientists traditionally thought that the variation in the size of raindrops was due to collisions on the way down to the ground. In 2009, French researchers succeeded in showing that the distribution of sizes is due to the drops' interaction with air, which deforms larger drops and causes them to fragment into smaller drops, effectively ...

  5. Rain fade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_fade

    Rain fade is usually estimated experimentally and also can be calculated theoretically using scattering theory of raindrops. Raindrop size distribution (DSD) is an important consideration for studying rain fade characteristics. [1] Various mathematical forms such as Gamma function, lognormal or exponential forms are usually used to model the DSD.

  6. Precipitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation

    Raindrops have sizes ranging from 5.1 to 20 millimetres (0.20 to 0.79 in) mean diameter, above which they tend to break up. Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical. As a raindrop increases in size, its shape becomes more oblate , with its largest cross-section facing the oncoming airflow.

  7. Disdrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disdrometer

    A disdrometer is an instrument used to measure the drop size distribution and velocity of falling hydrometeors. Some disdrometers can distinguish between rain, graupel, and hail. [1] The uses for disdrometers are numerous. They can be used for traffic control, scientific examination, airport observation systems, and hydrology.

  8. Beard and Chuang model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beard_and_Chuang_model

    The description of raindrop shape has some rather practical uses. Understanding rain is particularly important with regard to the propagation of electromagnetic signals. A portion of atmosphere that has rain in it, or a rain cell, has the characteristic of attenuating and de-polarizing EM signals that pass through it. The attenuation of such a ...

  9. Rain gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_gauge

    Acoustic disdrometers, also referred to as hydrophones, are able to sense the sound signatures for each drop size as rain strikes a water surface within the gauge. Since each sound signature is unique, it is possible to invert the underwater sound field to estimate the drop-size distribution within the rain. Selected moments of the drop-size ...