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Cirsium palustre is a tall thistle which reaches up to 2 metres (7 ft) in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines. In its first year the plant grows as a dense rosette, at first with narrow, entire leaves with spiny, dark purple edges; later, larger leaves are lobed.
The plants develop a rosette, with large leaves up to about 40 centimetres (16 inches) long. [6] The seeds are able to germinate between 15 °C to 30 °C, thriving in conditions that offer moist soil and an alternating day/night temperature. [8] A single plant is able to produce around 100 seeds per flower, up to about 20,000 seeds per plant. [8]
Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterized by leaves with sharp spikes on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles can also occur all over the plant – on the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. These prickles protect the plant from herbivores.
The second year plant grows tall, tough stems that are densely covered with stiff hairs. Large plants have some branches along the upper portion of their stems. [3] The leaves along the stem are alternate and measure up to 23 cm (9 in) long and 8 cm (3 in) wide. [4]
The large, alternate leaves are waxy-lobed, toothed and thorny, as in other genera of thistle. The lower leaves are sessile (attached to the stem without petiole). The upper leaves have a clasping base. They have large, disc-shaped pink-to-purple, rarely white, solitary flower heads at the end of the stem. The flowers consist of tubular florets.
Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) is listed in the United States (where as a non-native invasive species it has been renamed "bull thistle") as a noxious weed in nine states. [6] Some species in particular are cultivated in gardens and wildflower plantings for their aesthetic value and/or to support pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
The stiff leaves are usually pinnate with strong, yellow spines; the lowest leaves are up to 80 cm (30 in) long. The leaf margins are rolled over and the underside of the leaf is felted with white hair. The inflorescence is cymose with a few large flowers with a diameter of up to 7 cm (3 in). These are globular and densely covered with woolly hair.
Kali tragus, the Russian thistle Leaves of a mature plant coming into flower, each leaf with one flower and two bracts in its axil. Salsola tragus is an annual forb.In habit, the young plant is erect, but it grows into a rounded clump of branched, tangled stems, each one up to about a metre long.
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