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James Young's Addiewell Works in West Lothian. The term was in use by the late 18th century for oil produced as a by-product of the production of coal gas and coal tar. [6] In the early 19th century, it was discovered that coal oil distilled from cannel coal could be used in lamps as an illuminant, although the early coal oil burned with a smokey flame, so that it was used only for outdoor ...
South Africa had no known domestic oil reserves at the time, and this made the country very vulnerable to disruption of supplies coming from outside, albeit for different reasons at different times. Sasol was a successful way to protect the country's balance of payment against the increasing dependence on foreign oil.
Therefore, interest in using coal tended to increase for higher oil and natural gas prices and during periods of high global economic growth that might have strained oil and gas production. Coal to chemical processes require substantial quantities of water. [96]
Initial experiments in 1817–1825, which were failures; began to be used widely in 1860s. Simpler, much less labor-intensive manufacturing process. Oil very expensive feedstock compared to coal; prices (and illuminous efficacy per ft 3) double to triple that of regular coal gas. Oil catalytic semi-water gas. (Improved Jones Process) Petroleum oil.
Though crude oil is predominantly composed of various hydrocarbons, certain nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, such as pyridine, picoline, and quinoline are reported as contaminants associated with crude oil, as well as facilities processing oil shale or coal, and have also been found at legacy wood treatment sites. These compounds have a very ...
When oil prices fall or coal becomes more expensive, margins can shrink significantly. China has been ramping up its coal-to-oil projects. From 2019 to 2023, coal-to-oil production capacity surged ...
Coal tar is produced through thermal destruction of coal.Its composition varies with the process and type of coal used – lignite, bituminous or anthracite. [13]Coal tar is a mixture of approximately 10,000 chemicals, of which only about 50% have been identified.
The International Energy Agency says the share of coal, oil, and natural gas in global energy supply, stuck for decades around 80%, will start to edge downward and reach 73% by 2030.