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Abandoned beehive coke ovens near the ghost town of Cochran, Arizona. A beehive oven is a type of oven in use since the Middle Ages in Europe. [1] It gets its name from its domed shape, which resembles that of a skep, an old-fashioned type of beehive. Its apex of popularity occurred in the Americas and Europe all the way until the Industrial ...
Open-hearth furnace. An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce steel. [1] Because steel is difficult to manufacture owing to its high melting point, normal fuels and furnaces were insufficient for mass production of ...
Athanor. In alchemy, an athanor (Arabic: التنور, at-tannūr) is a furnace used to provide a uniform and constant heat for alchemical digestion.Etymologically, it descends from a number of Arabic texts of the period of the Caliphate which use the term "al-tannoor" in talismanic alchemy, meaning a bread-oven, from which the design portrayed evidently descends.
Blast furnaces operate on the principle of chemical reduction whereby carbon monoxide converts iron oxides to elemental iron. Blast furnaces differ from bloomeries and reverberatory furnaces in that in a blast furnace, flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide.
[28] [57] Carbon monoxide detection and poisoning also increases during power outages, when electric heating and cooking appliances become inoperative and residents may temporarily resort to fuel-burning space heaters, stoves, and grills (some of which are safe only for outdoor use but nonetheless are errantly burned indoors). [58] [59] [60]
Perilaus being forced into the brazen bull that he built for Phalaris. The brazen bull, also known as the bronze bull, Sicilian bull, or bull of Phalaris, was a torture and execution device designed in ancient Greece. [1] According to Diodorus Siculus, recounting the story in Bibliotheca historica, Perilaus (Περίλαος) (or Perillus ...
A modern crucible used in the production of silicon ingots via the Czochralski process. Smaller clay graphite crucibles for copper alloy melting. A crucible is a container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay, [1] they can be ...
The clay oven, synonymous with the Hebrew word tannour, lit. 'oven', was shaped like a truncated cone, with an opening either at the top or bottom from which to stoke the fire. Others were made cylindrical with an opening at the top. Built and used in ancient times as the family, neighbourhood, or village oven, clay ovens continue to be made in ...