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In mathematics, a logical matrix may be described as d-disjunct and/or d-separable. These concepts play a pivotal role in the mathematical area of non-adaptive group testing. In the mathematical literature, d-disjunct matrices may also be called super-imposed codes [1] or d-cover-free families. [2] According to Chen and Hwang (2006), [3]
The role of disjunction in these cases has been analyzed using nonclassical logics such as alternative semantics and inquisitive semantics, which have also been adopted to explain the free choice and simplification inferences. [1] In English, as in many other languages, disjunction is expressed by a coordinating conjunction.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
The disjunction property is satisfied by a theory if, whenever a sentence A ∨ B is a theorem, then either A is a theorem, or B is a theorem.; The existence property or witness property is satisfied by a theory if, whenever a sentence (∃x)A(x) is a theorem, where A(x) has no other free variables, then there is some term t such that the theory proves A(t).
A logical formula is considered to be in DNF if it is a disjunction of one or more conjunctions of one or more literals. [2] [3] [4] A DNF formula is in full disjunctive normal form if each of its variables appears exactly once in every conjunction and each conjunction appears at most once (up to the order of variables).
All other logic gates may be made from these three gates; any function in binary mathematics may be implemented with them. [3] It is sometimes called the inclusive OR gate to distinguish it from XOR, the exclusive OR gate. [4] The behavior of OR is the same as XOR except in the case of a 1 for both inputs.
Disjunction: the symbol appeared in Russell in 1908 [5] (compare to Peano's use of the set-theoretic notation of union); the symbol + is also used, in spite of the ambiguity coming from the fact that the + of ordinary elementary algebra is an exclusive or when interpreted logically in a two-element ring; punctually in the history a + together ...
Disjunction is often understood exclusively in natural languages. In English, the disjunctive word "or" is often understood exclusively, particularly when used with the particle "either". The English example below would normally be understood in conversation as implying that Mary is not both a singer and a poet. [4] [5] 1. Mary is a singer or a ...