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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (HUGO PTGS2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. [5] In humans it is one of three cyclooxygenases. It is involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H 2, an important precursor of prostacyclin, which is expressed in inflammation.
COX is a common target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The most significant difference between the isoenzymes, which allows for selective inhibition, is the substitution of isoleucine at position 523 in COX-1 with valine in COX-2. The smaller Val 523 residue in COX-2 allows access to a hydrophobic side-pocket in the enzyme (which Ile 523 ...
The COX-2 enzyme was discovered in 1988 by Daniel Simmons, a Brigham Young University researcher. [30] The mouse COX-2 gene was cloned by UCLA scientist Harvey Herschman, a finding published in 1991. [31] The basic research leading to the discovery of COX-2 inhibitors has been the subject of at least two lawsuits.
In 1991 the existence of the COX-2 enzyme was confirmed by being cloned by Dr. Dan Simmons at Brigham Young University. Before the confirmation of COX-2 existence, the Dupont company had developed a compound, DuP-697, that was potent in many anti-inflammatory assays but did not have the ulcerogenic effects of NSAIDs. Once the COX-2 enzyme was ...
Newer NSAID drugs called COX-2 selective inhibitors have been developed that inhibit only COX-2, with the hope for reduction of gastrointestinal side-effects. [8] However, several COX-2 selective inhibitors have subsequently been withdrawn after evidence emerged that COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of heart attack. [9]
17709 Ensembl ENSG00000198712 ENSMUSG00000064354 UniProt P00403 P00405 RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a NP_904331 Location (UCSC) Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Location of the MT-CO2 gene in the human mitochondrial genome. MT-CO2 is one of the three cytochrome c oxidase subunit mitochondrial genes (orange boxes ...
Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (HUGO PTGS1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In humans it is one of three cyclooxygenases .
Oxicam is a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), [2] meaning that they have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic therapeutic effects. Oxicams bind closely to plasma proteins. [1] Most oxicams are unselective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes.