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D LCO or T LCO (diffusing capacity or transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO), [1]) is the extent to which oxygen passes from the air sacs of the lungs into the blood. Commonly, it refers to the test used to determine this parameter. It was introduced in 1909. [2]
The person then inhales a test gas mixture rapidly and completely, reaching the total lung capacity as nearly as possible. This test gas mixture contains a small amount of carbon monoxide (usually 0.3%) and a tracer gas that is freely distributed throughout the alveolar space but which doesn't cross the alveolar-capillary membrane.
People with COPD also exhibit a decrease in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide due to decreased surface area in the alveoli, as well as damage to the capillary bed. [112] Testing the peak expiratory flow (the maximum speed of expiration), commonly used in asthma diagnosis, is not sufficient for the diagnosis of COPD. [111]
TLC: Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV. TV: Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs in 1 breath (TV indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or V T is used.)
132.7 K (−140.3 °C), 3498 kPa, 11.1 mol/L (3.1×10 2 kg/m 3) Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o? kJ/mol Std entropy change of fusion, Δ fus S o? J/(mol K) Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ vap H o? kJ/mol Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ vap S o? J/(mol K) Std enthalpy change of sublimation, Δ sub H o: 8 kJ/mol (at 51 ...
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simplest carbon oxide. In coordination complexes, the carbon monoxide ligand is called carbonyl. It is ...
The higher the diffusivity (of one substance with respect to another), the faster they diffuse into each other. Typically, a compound's diffusion coefficient is ~10,000× as great in air as in water. Carbon dioxide in air has a diffusion coefficient of 16 mm 2 /s, and in water its diffusion coefficient is 0.0016 mm 2 /s. [1] [2]
Carbon dioxide: 3.640 0.04267 Carbon disulfide: 11.77 0.07685 Carbon monoxide: 1.505 0.0398500 Carbon tetrachloride: 19.7483 0.1281 Chlorine: 6.579 0.05622