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In Jammu Division, it developed into Dogri, [26] which was a "highly imperfect" script later consciously influenced in part by Gurmukhi during the late 19th century, [28] possibly to provide it an air of authority by having it resemble scripts already established in official and literary capacities, [29] though not displacing Takri. [28]
Johannes Pantheus - German author, invented Enochian alphabet (not to be confused with that of Dee) in 1478. Paracelsus - Swiss alchemist, invented Alphabet of the Magi c. 1520. Chögyal Phagpa - Tibetan monk, invented Phagspa script in 1269. Pharnavaz I of Iberia - Iberian king, ascribed development of Georgian alphabet in 284 BC, according to ...
The entire Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script, which was standardized by Guru Angad in the 16th century. According to Sikh tradition and the Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, Guru Angad Dev had taught and spread Gurmukhi at the suggestion of Guru Nanak Dev who invented the Gurmukhi script.
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
In India, Punjabi Sikhs use Gurmukhi, a script of the Brahmic family, which has official status in the state of Punjab. In Pakistan, Punjabi Muslims use Shahmukhi, a variant of the Perso-Arabic script and closely related to the Urdu alphabet. Sometimes Punjabi is recorded in the Devanagari script in India, albeit rarely. [74]
The Gurmukhi script is used to write virtually all Sikh Scriptures and texts. The Gurmukhi alphabhet has 35 original letters, as well as six supplementary consonants in official usage, [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] referred to as the navīn ṭolī , navīn varag , or pair bindi meaning "new group," [ 15 ] [ 16 ] created by placing a dot ( bindī ) at ...
The Devanāgarī script, composed of 48 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 34 consonants, [11] is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, [12] [13] being used for over 120 languages. [14] The orthography of this script reflects the pronunciation of the language. [14]
Being the official script for Hindi, Devanagari is officially used in the Union Government of India as well as several Indian states where Hindi is an official language, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, and the Indian union territories of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Dadra and Nagar Haveli ...