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The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). The Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of the Dano-Norwegian Realm , the Kingdom of Sweden , and the Union (later Commonwealth ) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland .
This is a list of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795). [a] Victory Defeat Another result* *e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland–Lithuania, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
Around 1560, after the collapse of the Livonian Order from their defeat at the Battle of Ērģeme, its old territories were divided between Sweden, Denmark, Russia, and Poland. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] With these powers also fighting over the farmlands and commerce surrounding the Baltic sea. [ 7 ]
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk .
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia [a] was a duchy in the Baltic region, then known as Livonia, that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a nominal vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently made part of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom from 1569 to 1726 [1] and incorporated into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1726. [2]
The larger part of the Duchy was conquered by Swedish Empire during the Polish–Swedish wars, and their gains were recognized in the Truce of Altmark in 1629. The Commonwealth retained southeastern parts of the Wenden Voivodeship , renamed to Inflanty Voivodeship with the capital in Daugavpils ( Dyneburg ), until the first Partition of Poland ...
The Livonian campaign was a successful Swedish invasion into Livonia during the Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625) and the start of the Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629). It resulted in the Swedes conquering all of Livonia.
The Northern Wars, 1558-1721. Longman, Harlow. ISBN 0-582-06429-5. Gjerset, Knut (1915). History of the Norwegian People. The MacMillan Company. Volumes I & II. Lisk, Jill (1967). The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725. Funk & Wagnalls, New York. Mathisen, Trygve (1952). Fra Bondeoppbud til Legdshær. Guldendal Norsk Forlag.