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Acrocyanosis may be a sign of a more serious medical problem, such as connective tissue diseases and diseases associated with central cyanosis. Other causative conditions include infections, toxicities, antiphospholipid syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, neoplasms. In these cases, the observed cutaneous changes are known as "secondary acrocyanosis".
Central cyanosis occurs due to decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), and begins to show once the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood reaches a concentration of ≥ 5.0 g/dL (≥ 3.1 mmol/L or oxygen saturation of ≤ 85%). [4] This indicates a cardiopulmonary condition. [1] Causes of central cyanosis are discussed below.
Hippocratic fingers: Hippocrates: pulmonary medicine: chronic hypoxia: clubbing of distal phalanges Hirschberg test: Julius Hirschberg: ophthalmology: strabismus: corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil Hoffmann's sign: Johann Hoffmann: neurology: corticospinal tract lesions: tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger ...
Cyanosis, a bluish tinge of the extremities (peripheral cyanosis), or of tongue (central cyanosis) [4] Pursed-lip breathing [5] Accessory muscle use, including the scalene and intercostal muscles [5] Diaphragmatic breathing, paradoxical movement of the diaphragm outwards during inspiration; Intercostal indrawing
Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low oxygen levels in the blood. This term has traditionally been applied to cyanosis as a result of:. [1] Cyanotic heart disease, which is a category of congenital heart defect that results in low levels of oxygen in the blood. [2]
Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [1] Rarely, the nose, ears, nipples, or lips are affected. [1] The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue. [2] Often, numbness or pain occurs. [2] As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. [2]
[9] [10] The most reliable and applicable site for CRT testing is the finger pulp (not at the fingernail), and the cut-off value for the normal CRT should be 3 seconds, not 2 seconds. [2] To assess shock, central CRT, which is done by assessing capillary refill time at the sternum, rather than finger CRT, is more useful. [6]
Blanching of the fingers is also one of the most clinically evident signs of Raynaud's phenomenon. [ 1 ] Blanching is prevented in gangrene as the red blood corpuscles are extravasated and impart red color to the gangrenous part.