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Dihydrogen phosphate is an intermediate in the multi-step conversion of the polyprotic phosphoric acid to phosphate: [5]. This multistep conversion exemplifies that the dihydrogen phosphate ion is the conjugate base to phosphoric acid, while also acting as the conjugate acid to the phosphate ion. [3]
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton (H +) to a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it, as it loses a hydrogen ion in the reverse reaction.
It is a conjugate acid of phosphate [PO 4] 3-and a conjugate base of dihydrogen phosphate [H 2 PO 4] −. It is formed when a pyrophosphate anion [P 2 O 7] 4− reacts with water H 2 O by hydrolysis, which can give hydrogenphosphate: [P 2 O 7] 4− + H 2 O ⇌ 2 [HPO 4] 2−
It is the conjugate base of the hydrogen phosphate ion H(PO 4) 2−, which in turn is the conjugate base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 (PO 4) −, which in turn is the conjugate base of orthophosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4. Many phosphates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure.
An acid–base reaction is, thus, the removal of a hydrogen ion from the acid and its addition to the base. [21] The removal of a hydrogen ion from an acid produces its conjugate base, which is the acid with a hydrogen ion removed. The reception of a proton by a base produces its conjugate acid, which is the base with a hydrogen ion added.
H 2 O is a base because it accepts a proton from CH 3 COOH and becomes its conjugate acid, the hydronium ion, (H 3 O +). [9] The reverse of an acid–base reaction is also an acid–base reaction, between the conjugate acid of the base in the first reaction and the conjugate base of the acid.
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Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4.