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In electronics, a latch-up is a type of short circuit which can occur in an integrated circuit (IC). More specifically, it is the inadvertent creation of a low-impedance path between the power supply rails of a MOSFET circuit, triggering a parasitic structure which disrupts proper functioning of the part, possibly even leading to its destruction due to overcurrent.
A transparent latch circuit based on bipolar junction transistors Transparent or asynchronous latches can be built around a single pair of cross-coupled inverting elements: vacuum tubes , bipolar transistors , field-effect transistors , inverters , and inverting logic gates have all been used in practical circuits.
In digital computing, the Muller C-element (C-gate, hysteresis flip-flop, coincident flip-flop, or two-hand safety circuit) is a small binary logic circuit widely used in design of asynchronous circuits and systems. It outputs 0 when all inputs are 0, it outputs 1 when all inputs are 1, and it retains its output state otherwise.
Depletion-load processes replace this transistor with a depletion-mode NMOS at a constant gate bias, with the gate tied directly to the source. This alternative type of transistor acts as a current source until the output approaches 1, then acts as a resistor. The result is a faster 0 to 1 transition.
M5 and M6 are bidirectional pass transistors. a 10-transistor CMOS gated D latch, similar to the ones in the CD4042 or the CD74HC75 integrated circuits. Pass transistor logic often uses fewer transistors, runs faster, and requires less power than the same function implemented with the same transistors in fully complementary CMOS logic. [3]
It is one of the most popular timing ICs due to its flexibility and price. Derivatives provide two or four timing circuits in one package. [2] The design was first marketed in 1972 by Signetics [3] [4] and used bipolar junction transistors. Since then, numerous companies have made the original timers and later similar low-power CMOS timers. In ...
On-state V CA drops to around 2 V, which is compatible with Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) and CMOS logic gates with 5 V power supply. [40] Low-voltage CMOS (e.g. 3.3 V or 1.8 V logic) requires level conversion with a resistive voltage divider , [ 40 ] or replacing the TL431 with a low-voltage alternative like the TLV431.
There is a close relation between the two kinds of circuits: a Schmitt trigger can be converted into a latch and a latch can be converted into a Schmitt trigger. Schmitt trigger devices are typically used in signal conditioning applications to remove noise from signals used in digital circuits, particularly mechanical contact bounce in switches .
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