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Furniture conservation and restoration can be divided into two general areas: structure and finish. Structure generally relates to wood and can be divided into solid, joined, and veneered wood. The finish of furniture can be painted or transparent. [1] Furniture has existed throughout all the years of human existence.
The four stages of conservation include stabilization, cleaning, repair, and restoration. Stabilization is the minimum level of treatment needed to slow deterioration. [ 55 ] This can include wrapping or containing the object in an archival box, or making a custom one, as well as some basic structural repairs. [ 56 ]
Wood is a very absorbing material based on its environment. Thus, depending on the amount of water that is exposed in the air, the wood can expand and contract easily, changing the physical condition of the object. [19] This is the reason why wood material needs to be kept in a high controlled and consistent temperature and humidity levels.
The five common chemical agents that damage wood are: Light – Creates a chemical reaction within the cell walls of wood, leading to a change in color or texture; Acids – Cause wood to become brittle. Alkalies – Cause the fibers of the wood to separate and break down. Salts – Similar to alkalies, salts break down the fibers of wood.
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. [1] Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. [2]
The conservation-restoration of panel paintings involves preventive and treatment measures taken by paintings conservators to slow deterioration, preserve, and repair damage. Panel paintings consist of a wood support, a ground (linen or parchment sized with glues , resin , and gesso ), and an image layer ( encaustic , tempera , oil ). [ 1 ]
Research into the chemical and physical properties intrinsic to the materials used to create cultural heritage objects is a large part of the study of conservation science. Materials science, in conjunction with the broader field of restoration and preservation, has resulted in what is now recognized as modern conservation. [1]
Empirical support for cognitive remediation in traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia is documented by published randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. [1] [2] [3] Effects on cognitive skill performance in schizophrenia are durable for months after the therapies are withdrawn, particularly in terms of executive functioning, working memory, and verbal memory.