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Roman citizens were expected to perform some duties (munera publica) to the state in order to retain their rights as citizens. Failure to perform citizenship duties could result in the loss of privileges, as seen during the Second Punic War when men who refused military service lost their right to vote and were forced out of their voting tribes ...
The Latin phrase cīvis Rōmānus sum (Classical Latin: [ˈkiːwis roːˈmaːnus ˈsũː]; "I am (a) Roman citizen") is a phrase used in Cicero's In Verrem as a plea for the legal rights of a Roman citizen. [1] When travelling across the Roman Empire, safety was said to be guaranteed to anyone who declared, "civis Romanus sum".
Citizens had certain rights and duties: the rights included the chance to speak and vote in the common assembly, [2] to stand for public office, to serve as jurors, to be protected by the law, to own land, and to participate in public worship; duties included an obligation to obey the law, and to serve in the armed forces which could be "costly ...
The key phrase is "est civitas eis data" where civitas means "citizenship". In Ancient Rome, the Latin term civitas (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkiːwɪtaːs]; plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).
Citizen rights were inherited, so children of peregrini who had become citizens were also citizens upon birth. [12] Distinctions between Roman citizens and peregrini continued until 212 AD, when Caracalla (211 AD – 217 AD) extended full Roman citizenship to all free-born men in the empire [ 13 ] with the declaration of the Antonine Constitution .
In the Forum, "The Twelve Tables" stated the rights and duties of the Roman citizen. Their formulation was the result of considerable agitation by the plebeian class, who had hitherto been excluded from the higher benefits of the Republic. The law had previously been unwritten and exclusively interpreted by upper-class priests, the pontifices.
Cicero denounces Catiline, who attempted a failed coup against the Roman Republic. [a] Cicero: 63 BCE [4] [5] Cato the Elder's speech directed towards the Seleucid king: Cato addresses the Seleucid King in Athens. Cato the Elder: Uncertain date [6] [7] [8] Cato the Younger's speech during the Catiline conspiracy
The legislative assemblies of the Roman Republic were political institutions in the ancient Roman Republic.According to the contemporary historian Polybius, it was the people (and thus the assemblies) who had the final say regarding the election of magistrates, the enactment of Roman laws, the carrying out of capital punishment, the declaration of war and peace, and the creation (or ...