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  2. Phototropism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototropism

    The light from the lamp (1.) functions as a detectable change in the plant's environment. As a result, the plant exhibits a reaction of phototropism--directional growth (2.) toward the light stimulus. Auxin distribution controls phototropism. 1. Sunlight strikes the plant from directly above. Auxin (pink dots) encourages growth straight up. 2 ...

  3. Photorespiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorespiration

    CAM plants, such as cacti and succulent plants, also use the enzyme PEP carboxylase to capture carbon dioxide, but only at night. Crassulacean acid metabolism allows plants to conduct most of their gas exchange in the cooler night-time air, sequestering carbon in 4-carbon sugars which can be released to the photosynthesizing cells during the day.

  4. Photosystem II - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem_II

    Photosystem II (of cyanobacteria and green plants) is composed of around 20 subunits (depending on the organism) as well as other accessory, light-harvesting proteins. Each photosystem II contains at least 99 cofactors: 35 chlorophyll a, 12 beta-carotene , two pheophytin , two plastoquinone , two heme , one bicarbonate, 20 lipids, the Mn

  5. Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongylocentrotus...

    Digestive enzymes are produced by the intestinal walls and breakdown of food is almost completely extracellular. From the intestine, what is left of the food moves out of the intestine into the short rectum, and out the anus. S. droebachiensis gets its green color from the pigments of its plant food.

  6. Glyoxylate reductase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_reductase

    The glyoxylate reductase enzyme localizes to the cell cytoplasm in plants. It can use both NADPH and NADH as a cofactor, but prefers NADPH. The enzyme substrate, glyoxylate, is a metabolite in plant photorespiration, and is produced in the peroxisome. Glyoxylate is important in the plant cell as it can deactivate RUBISCO and

  7. Photosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem

    At the heart of a photosystem lies the reaction center, which is an enzyme that uses light to reduce and oxidize molecules (give off and take up electrons). This reaction center is surrounded by light-harvesting complexes that enhance the absorption of light. In addition, surrounding the reaction center are pigments which will absorb light. The ...

  8. Plant secondary metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_secondary_metabolism

    In plants, carotenoids can occur in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Carotenoids have two important functions in plants. First, they can contribute to photosynthesis. They do this by transferring some of the light energy they absorb to chlorophylls, which then uses this energy for photosynthesis. Second, they can protect plants which ...

  9. Phytochrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochrome

    Oat phytochrome absorption spectrum (Devlin, 1969). Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi.They respond to light in the red and far-red regions of the visible spectrum and can be classed as either Type I, which are activated by far-red light, or Type II that are activated by red light. [2]

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