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Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi (Arabic: محمد بن علي السنوسي; in full Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Sanūsī al-Mujāhirī al-Ḥasanī al-Idrīsī) (1787–1859) was an Algerian Muslim theologian and leader who founded the Senussi mystical order in 1837.
The fortresses and army of religious brotherhood of Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, 1883. Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (1787–1859), the founder of the order, [1] was born in Algeria near Mostaganem and was named al-Senussi after a venerated Muslim teacher. [1] He was a member of the Awlad Sidi Abdalla tribe and was a Sharif.
Mohammed El Senussi's great-great-grandfather, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, founded the Senussi order in 1837. A scholar from Mustaghanim, Algeria who traced his ancestry to Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi traveled extensively across northern Africa and the Hijaz while preaching a revivalist and mystical Islamic way of life and attracting ...
In the year of its founding, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi established an important Zawiya there. [6] The Encyclopedia of Africa points to him being the founder of Jaghbub. [7] As a result, Jaghbub became the metaphorical capital for the Senussi movement, and remained so from 1856 to 1895. [8]
In 1837, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi established the Senussi political-religious tariqa (Sufi order) in Mecca. [6] Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi's grandson, who assumed the leadership of the Senussi order in 1917, became Emir of Cyrenaica in 1920 and King Idris of Libya in 1951.
[citation needed] He was a grandson of Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, the founder of the Senussi Muslim Sufi Order and the Senussi tribe in North Africa. Idris's family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter, Fatimah. [4]
Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi was to have taken the place of Uthman, but refused the honor. When the Mahdi died on 22 June 1885 a few months after capturing Khartoum , Abdillahi became head of state, although he had to deal with challenges from members of the Mahdi's family and Muhammad Sharif.
In Mecca, Sharif had met the founder of the Sanusiyah Islamic brotherhood Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi, his movement being strong among the inhabitants of Cyrenaica (in present-day Libya), which became a dominant political force and source of resistance to French colonization.