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Symbiosis (mutualism) appears in fiction, especially science fiction, as a plot device. It is distinguished from parasitism in fiction, a similar theme, by the mutual benefit to the organisms involved, whereas the parasite inflicts harm on its host. [1]
The symbiosis is rendered more complex than just simple mutualism, both by the physiological discrepancy between language as an overall condition and the nature of individual ideas conveyed through language, as well as by the ecological difference between vertically and horizontally transmitted memes.
The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [5] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In 1878, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms".
The symbiosis of the Chlorella–Hydra first described the symbiosome. The coral Zoanthus robustus has been used as a model organism to study the symbiosis with its microsymbiont algal species of Symbiodinium, with a focus on the symbiosome and its membranes. Methods for isolating the symbiosome membranes have been looked for – the symbiont ...
"The Crocodile's Friend" from Henry Scherren's Popular Natural History (1906). The trochilus or trochilos (Greek: τροχίλος, trokhílos = "runner" [1]), sometimes called the crocodile bird, is a legendary bird, first described by Herodotus (c. 440 BC), and later by Aristotle, Pliny, and Aelian, which was supposed to have enjoyed a symbiotic relationship with the Nile crocodile: it was ...
Myrmecophilous aphids being tended by ants. Myrmecophily (/ m ɜːr m ə ˈ k ɒ f ə l i / mur-mə-KOF-ə-lee, lit. ' love of ants ') consists of positive, mutualistic, interspecies associations between ants and a variety of other organisms, such as plants, other arthropods, and fungi.
European mistletoe is an example of an ectosymbiotic parasite that lives on top of trees and removes nutrients and water.. Ectosymbiosis is a form of symbiotic behavior in which an organism lives on the body surface of another organism (the host), including internal surfaces such as the lining of the digestive tube and the ducts of glands.
Symbiosis in lichens is the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship of green algae and/or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) living among filaments of a fungus, forming lichen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Living as a symbiont in a lichen appears to be a successful way for a fungus to derive essential nutrients, as about 20% of all fungal species have ...