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The economics of English towns and trade in the Middle Ages is the economic history of English towns and trade from the Norman invasion in 1066, to the death of Henry VII in 1509. Although England's economy was fundamentally agricultural throughout the period, even before the invasion the market economy was important to producers.
British Trade Unions 1875–1933 (Macmillan Education UK 1977) 74 Pages; Minkin, Lewis. "The British Labour Party and the Trade Unions: Crisis and Compact" ILR 28#1 (1974) pp. 7–37. online; Minkin, Lewis. The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party (1991). online; Musson, A E. Trade Union and Social History (1974). Pelling, Henry.
The medieval authorities did their best to respond in an organised fashion, but the economic disruption was immense. [164] Building work ceased and many mining operations paused. [165] In the short term, efforts were taken by the authorities to control wages and enforce pre-epidemic working conditions. [166]
on the trade union demand for means for securing trustworthy records of wage-contracts between employer and workman, e.g. the section requiring particulars of work and wages for piece-workers. The first additions to the Factory and Workshop Act 1878 were, however, almost purely attempts to deal more adequately than had been attempted in the ...
It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict . In trade unions , workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws , from their governments.
Employers typically were paternalistic and generally recognised the trade unions. [6] Companies provided their employees with welfare services ranging from housing, schools and churches, to libraries, baths, and gymnasia. Middle-class reformers did their best to assist the working classes' aspirations to middle-class norms of "respectability".
It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict . In trade unions , workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws , from their governments.
The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party (1991) Pelling, Henry. A history of British trade unionism (1987). Undy, Roger, et al. Change in Trade Unions: the Development of UK Unions since the 1960s (Routledge, 2022). Wrigley, Chris, ed. British Trade Unions, 1945–1995 (Manchester UP, 1997) online; Wrigley, Chris.