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  2. Pile integrity test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_integrity_test

    A pile is a slender element cast in the ground or driven into it. Since pile construction as well as the final product are mostly invisible, engineers have often questioned their integrity, i.e. their compliance with project drawings and specifications. In fact, experience [1] has shown that in piles, of all kinds flaws may occur. The purpose ...

  3. Piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piling

    A transition piece (complete with pre-installed features such as boat-landing arrangement, cathodic protection, cable ducts for sub-marine cables, turbine tower flange, etc.) is attached to the driven pile, and the sand and water are removed from the centre of the pile and replaced with concrete. An additional layer of even larger stone, up to ...

  4. Caisson (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)

    Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.

  5. Stilt house - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilt_house

    Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding; [1] they also keep out vermin. [2] The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage. [3]

  6. Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_liquid_expanding...

    A BLEVE–fireball at the Philadelphia Energy Solutions refinery, as rendered by the CSB. A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE, / ˈ b l ɛ v iː / BLEV-ee) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid that is or has reached a temperature sufficiently higher than its boiling point at atmospheric pressure.

  7. Voltaic pile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_pile

    Schematic diagram of a copper–zinc voltaic pile. Each copper–zinc pair had a spacer in the middle, made of cardboard or felt soaked in salt water (the electrolyte). Volta's original piles contained an additional zinc disk at the bottom, and an additional copper disk at the top; these were later shown to be unnece

  8. Screw piles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_piles

    Screw piles are typically manufactured from high-strength steel [1] using varying sizes of tubular hollow sections with helical flights. The pile shaft transfers a structure's load into the pile. Helical steel plates are welded to the pile shaft to suit the site specific ground conditions. Helices can be press-formed to a specified pitch or ...

  9. List of diving hazards and precautions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diving_hazards_and...

    Abandonment at surface after a boat dive Diver lost at sea on the surface after a dive, with risk of exposure, drowning and dehydration. Diver separated from boat cover due to poor visibility at surface or strong underwater currents. Diver left behind due to inaccurate check by boat crew. Diver unable to return to unattended boat.