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Bivalvia (/ b aɪ ˈ v æ l v i ə /) or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed by a calcified exoskeleton consisting of a hinged pair of half-shells known as valves.
Lucinidae, common name hatchet shells, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. These bivalves are remarkable for their endosymbiosis with sulphide -oxidizing bacteria . [ 1 ]
Aeromonas bivalvium is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum of the genus Aeromonas isolated from bivalve molluscs. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] References
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is one of the four recognized syndromes of shellfish poisoning, which share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve mollusks (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops).
Lucinella divaricata, the divaricate lucine, is a small marine bivalve mollusc of the family Lucinidae found in the north eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Its fossils are known from Cenozoic deposits all over Europe. [1] Chemoautotrophic bacteria in their gills enable them to survive well in substrates rich in hydrogen sulfide. [2]
Unionidae burrow into the substrate, with their posterior margins exposed. They pump water through the incurrent aperture, obtaining oxygen and food. They remove phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as suspended bacteria, fungal spores, and dissolved organic matter.
The existence of huge mollusks was established for centuries and studied by the scientists, based on the shells they left behind that were the size of baseball bats (length 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in), diameter 6 cm (2.4 in)). [15] [16] The bivalve is a rare creature that spends its life inside an elephant tusk-like hard shell made of calcium ...
It has been shown that these clams host sulphur-oxidizing bacteria intracellularly within their gill filaments. As chemoautotrophs , these bacterial symbionts synthesize organic matter from CO 2 and are the primary source of nutrition for the whole organism.