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The concept of customer relationship management started in the early 1970s, when customer satisfaction was evaluated using annual surveys or by front-line asking. [6] At that time, businesses had to rely on standalone mainframe systems to automate sales, but the extent of technology allowed them to categorize customers in spreadsheets and lists.
Customer satisfaction is a term frequently used in marketing to evaluate customer experience. It is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as "the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products ...
Customer relationship management: Acknowledging the social and relational aspects—especially those embedded in services—it has been argued that firms can increase retention by focusing on managing customer relationships. Relationship management occurs when firms can take a longer-terms perspective, rather than a transactional perspective to ...
Customer loyalty is determined by three factors: relationship strength, perceived alternatives and critical episodes. The relationship can terminate if: the customer moves away from the company's service area, the customer no longer has a need for the company's products or services, more suitable alternative providers become available,
The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction developed in the 1980s by Noriaki Kano.This model provides a framework for understanding how different features of a product or service impact customer satisfaction, allowing organizations to prioritize development efforts effectively.
A major deficiency of the AIDA model and other hierarchical models is the absence of post-purchase effects such as satisfaction, consumption, repeat patronage behaviour and other post-purchase behavioural intentions such as referrals or participating in the preparation of online product reviews. [10]
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"Define the existing customer relationship management processes within the company. Determine the perceptions of how the company manages its customer relationships, both internally and externally. Design the ideal customer relationship management solutions relative to the company or industry.