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In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable. For example, suppose variable x changes by k units, which causes another variable y to change by M × k units.
This is the central contents of the money multiplier theory, and + / / + / is the money multiplier, [1] [2] a multiplier being a factor that measures how much an endogenous variable (in this case, the money supply) changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable (in this case, the money base).
The credit theory of money, initiated by Joseph Schumpeter, asserts the central role of banks as creators and allocators of the money supply, and distinguishes between "productive credit creation" (allowing non-inflationary economic growth even at full employment, in the presence of technological progress) and "unproductive credit creation ...
Money Multiplier: M1 / MB. As of December 3, 2015, it was 0.756. [ 33 ] While a multiplier under one is historically an oddity, this is a reflection of the popularity of M2 over M1 and the massive amount of MB the government has created since 2008.
Its simplest form is the linear consumption function used frequently in simple Keynesian models: [4] = + where is the autonomous consumption that is independent of disposable income; in other words, consumption when disposable income is zero.
The credit cycle is the expansion and contraction of access to credit over time. [1] Some economists, including Barry Eichengreen , Hyman Minsky , and other Post-Keynesian economists , and members of the Austrian school , regard credit cycles as the fundamental process driving the business cycle .
In monetary economics, the equation of exchange is the relation: = where, for a given period, is the total money supply in circulation on average in an economy. is the velocity of money, that is the average frequency with which a unit of money is spent.
This is the same as the formula for Kahn's multiplier in a closed economy assuming that all saving (including the purchase of durable goods), and not just hoarding, constitutes leakage. Keynes gave his formula almost the status of a definition (it is put forward in advance of any explanation [72]). His multiplier is indeed the value of "the ...