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  2. Ray tracing (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)

    This recursive ray tracing of reflective colored spheres on a white surface demonstrates the effects of shallow depth of field, "area" light sources, and diffuse interreflection. (c. 2008) In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images.

  3. Rendering equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_equation

    The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a BRDF.. In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance under a geometrical optics approximation.

  4. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

    Ray tracing of a beam of light passing through a medium with changing refractive index.The ray is advanced by a small amount, and then the direction is re-calculated. Ray tracing works by assuming that the particle or wave can be modeled as a large number of very narrow beams (), and that there exists some distance, possibly very small, over which such a ray is locally straight.

  5. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...

  6. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

    The principal ray or chief ray (sometimes known as the b ray) in an optical system is the meridional ray that starts at an edge of an object and passes through the center of the aperture stop. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] [ 7 ] The distance between the chief ray (or an extension of it for a virtual image) and the optical axis at an image location defines the ...

  7. Computer graphics lighting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics_lighting

    Ray tracing solves this problem by reversing the process, instead sending view rays from the observer and calculating how they interact until they reach a light source. [24] Although this way more effectively uses processing time and produces a light simulation closely imitating natural lighting, ray tracing still has high computation costs due ...

  8. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wavefronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. [1]

  9. Physically based rendering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_based_rendering

    Bricks rendered using PBR. Even though this is a rough, opaque surface, more than just diffuse light is reflected from the brighter side of the material, creating small highlights, because "everything is shiny" in the physically-based rendering model of the real world.

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