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The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes or posterior auricular glands) are a small group of lymph nodes, usually two in number, located just beneath the ear, on the mastoid insertion of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle, beneath the posterior auricular muscle.
Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside [1] the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind
Close-up of an infected sebaceous cyst located behind the ear lobe The scalp , ears , back , face , and upper arm , are common sites of sebaceous cysts, though they may occur anywhere on the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. [ 4 ]
A single lesion on the front part of the ear is usually the initial sign of pseudocyst of the auricle. Pseudocysts of the auricle appear as flesh-colored, nontender, noninflammatory cystic lesions and progress gradually over a 4- to 12-week period. Their diameters range from 1 to 5 cm. Usually, the lesions start off soft and get firmer with time.
A mastoidectomy is a procedure performed to remove the mastoid air cells [1] near the middle ear. The procedure is part of the treatment for mastoiditis, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. [2] Additionally, it is sometimes performed as part of other procedures, such as cochlear implants, [3] or to access the middle ear.
Each involves the external ear. The difference between them is that a cyst does not connect with the skin, but a sinus does. [3] Frequency of preauricular sinus differs depending the population: 0.1–0.9% in the US, 0.9% in the UK, and 4–10% in Asia and parts of Africa. [4]
Their afferents drain multiple surfaces, most of which are lateral in origin. A specific example would be the lateral portions of the eye's bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva as well as the skin adjacent to the ear within the temporal region. The efferents of these nodes pass to the superior deep cervical glands.
Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. [1] [2] Cholesteatomas are not cancerous as the name may suggest, but can cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties.