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Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique can be used to attain extremely low temperatures, as well as the ranges used in common refrigerators. [1][2][3][4] A magnetocaloric material warms up when a magnetic field is applied. The warming is due to changes in the internal state of the ...
A Halbach array (German: [ˈhalbax]) is a special arrangement of permanent magnets that augments the magnetic field on one side of the array while cancelling the field to near zero on the other side. [1][2] This is achieved by having a spatially rotating pattern of magnetisation. The rotating pattern of permanent magnets (on the front face; on ...
A refrigerator magnet or fridge magnet is a small magnet, often attached to an artistic or whimsical ornament, which may be used to post items such as shopping lists, Christmas cards, child art or reminders on a refrigerator door, or which simply serves as decoration. [1][2][3] Refrigerator magnets come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes ...
Ferrite (magnet) A stack of ferrite magnets, with magnetic household items stuck to it. A ferrite is one of a family of iron oxide -containing magnetic ceramic materials. They are ferrimagnetic, meaning they are attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets. Unlike many ferromagnetic materials, most ferrites are ...
The magnetization of a magnetized material is the local value of its magnetic moment per unit volume, usually denoted M, with units A/m. [18] It is a vector field , rather than just a vector (like the magnetic moment), because different areas in a magnet can be magnetized with different directions and strengths (for example, because of domains ...
Scientists. v. t. e. In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of magnetization produced in a material in response to an applied magnetic field. Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ. It is the ratio of the magnetic induction to the magnetizing field as a function of the field in a material.
The magnetization defines the auxiliary magnetic field H as. (SI quantities) (Gaussian quantities) which is convenient for various calculations. The vacuum permeability μ0 is, approximately, 4π × 10−7 V · s / (A · m). A relation between M and H exists in many materials. In diamagnets and paramagnets, the relation is usually linear: where ...
Superconducting magnet. Schematic of a 20-tesla superconducting magnet with vertical bore. A superconducting magnet is an electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire. They must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures during operation. In its superconducting state the wire has no electrical resistance and therefore can conduct much larger ...