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Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Sneddon's syndrome is a progressive, noninflammatory arteriopathy leading to the characteristic skin condition and to cerebrovascular problems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), severe but transient neurological symptoms thought to be caused by cerebral vasospasm, coronary disease and early-onset dementia.
“When systemic and chronic inflammation accompanies these underlying diseases, it can affect multiple organ systems, manifesting as fatigue, muscle weakness, digestive disturbances, joint pain ...
Multipotent adult stem cells have the capacity to be self-renewing and give rise to different cell types. Stem cells give rise to progenitor cells, which are cells that are not self-renewing, but can generate several types of cells. The extent of stem cell involvement in cutaneous (skin) wound healing is complex and not fully understood.
The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. [14] The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e. linear strands) and lobular compartments, which differ in microscopic appearance. [8] Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source. [14]
Inflammation-induced damage to the skin's blood vessels causes palpable purpura. Palpable purpura is the clinical manifestation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis , which can be idiopathic or linked to sepsis , reactions to drugs, connective tissue diseases , cryoglobulinemia , hepatitis C or B infection, or underlying cancers.
Loss of the skin leaves patients vulnerable to infections from fungi and bacteria, and can result in sepsis, the leading cause of death in the disease. [13] Death is caused either by infection or by respiratory distress which is either due to pneumonia or damage to the linings of the airway.
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long-term inflammatory disorder which affects the skin and the muscles. [1] Its symptoms are generally a skin rash and worsening muscle weakness over time. [1] These may occur suddenly or develop over months. [1] Other symptoms may include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. [1]