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These categories are called epicardial (above the epicardium, or the outermost tissue of the heart) and microvascular (close to the endocardium, or the innermost tissue of the heart). [2] Reduced function of the coronary arteries can lead to decreased flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart.
The anatomy of the veins of the heart is very variable, but generally it is formed by the following veins: heart veins that go into the coronary sinus: the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, and the oblique vein of Marshall.
Layers of vein wall shown in comparison to arterial wall. There are three sizes of vein, large, medium, and small. Smaller veins are called venules. The smallest veins are the post-capillary venules. Veins have a similar three-layered structure to arteries. The layers known as tunicae have a concentric arrangement that forms the wall of the vessel.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (coronary angioplasty with stent placement): A percutaneous coronary intervention involves opening up a narrowed artery in your heart with a thin tube called a ...
The smallest cardiac veins (also known as the Thebesian veins (named for Adam Christian Thebesius) are small, valveless veins in the walls of all four heart chambers [1] that drain venous blood from the myocardium [2] directly into any of the heart chambers. [3] They are most abundant in the right atrium, and least abundant in the left ventricle.
The innermost layer of the heart is called the endocardium. It is made up of a lining of simple squamous epithelium and covers heart chambers and valves. It is continuous with the endothelium of the veins and arteries of the heart, and is joined to the myocardium with a thin layer of connective tissue. [8]
Respiratory pump - Intrapleural pressure decreases during inspiration and abdominal pressure increases, squeezing local abdominal veins, allowing thoracic veins to expand and increase blood flow towards the right atrium. Skeletal muscle pump - In the deep veins of the legs, surrounding muscles squeeze veins and pump blood back towards the heart ...
Normal blood vessel (left) vs. vasodilation (right) Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels. [1] It results from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, in particular in the large veins, large arteries, and smaller arterioles. [2]