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Although relatively rare, oral antiarrhythmic medications may be proarrhythmic in some dogs; consequently, appropriate monitoring and follow-up is recommended. [2] [11] The ideal therapy for Boxer cardiomyopathy would be implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). This has been attempted in a limited number of dogs. [12]
Pimobendan is indicated for the management of the signs of mild, moderate, or severe congestive heart failure in dogs due to clinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); [1] [7] and for use with concurrent therapy for congestive heart failure (e.g.,furosemide, etc.) as appropriate on a case-by-case basis. [1]
CCBs of the dihydropyridine group, as well as flunarizine, predominantly cause reflex tachycardia as a reaction to the low blood pressure. [4] [5] [6] Other potential symptoms include: nausea and vomiting, a decreased level of consciousness, and breathing difficulties. [2] Symptoms usually begin within 6 hours of taking the medication by mouth. [2]
The minimum lethal dose in dogs is over 5 mg/m 2; dogs have tolerated getting ten times the standard dose. [9] [33] Signs of overdose include panting, trembling, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as increased blood levels of creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Dogs who received atipamezole without first receiving ...
Symptoms can be severe in some cases and gradually worsen in others. [1] Sympathetic failure manifests itself as orthostatic hypotension and anhidrosis. Orthostatic symptoms, which include lightheadedness, dizziness, or syncope upon standing and loss of postural reflex tachycardia, occur in 78% of patients. [1]
Minoxidil causes a redistribution of cellular iron through its apparent capacity to bind this metal ion. By binding iron in a Fenton-reactive form, intracellular hydroxyl radical production would ensue, but hydroxyl would be immediately trapped and scavenged by the minoxidil to generate a nitroxyl radical.
Sometimes when they are used to treat angina, the vasodilation and hypotension can lead to reflex tachycardia, which can be detrimental for patients with ischemic symptoms because of the resulting increase in myocardial oxygen demand. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers can worsen proteinuria in patients with nephropathy. [9]
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [5] [6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotics (neuroleptic) or other drugs that block the effects of dopamine. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Symptoms include high fever , confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [ 1 ]
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