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  2. Sulfonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonate

    The sulfonate ion. In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt, anion or ester of a sulfonic acid. Its formula is R−S(=O) 2 −O −, containing the functional group −S(=O) 2 −O −, where R is typically an organyl group, amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids.

  3. Sulfone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfone

    The structure of a sulfone Dimethyl sulfone, an example of a sulfone. In organic chemistry, a sulfone is a organosulfur compound containing a sulfonyl (R−S(=O) 2 −R’) functional group attached to two carbon atoms.

  4. CHAPS detergent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAPS_detergent

    CHAPS is a zwitterionic surfactant used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as proteins.It may be synthesized from cholic acid [1] and is zwitterionic due to its quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups; it is structurally similar to certain bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid.

  5. Detergent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent

    Detergents. A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. [1] There are a large variety of detergents, a common family being the alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxylate (of soap) to bind to ...

  6. Organosulfate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosulfate

    Generic structure of an organosulfate, where R is an organyl group. In organosulfur chemistry, organosulfates are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the structure R−O−SO − 3.

  7. Sulfonic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonic_acid

    General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]

  8. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [ 3 ] [ 63 ] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase , [ 11 ] and plays a wide variety of other biological roles .

  9. ABTS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABTS

    Under these conditions, the sulfonate groups are fully deprotonated and the mediator exists as a dianion. ABTS –· + e – → ABTS 2– E° ′ = 0.67 V vs SHE ABTS + e – → ABTS –· E° ′ = 1.08 V vs SHE [1] This compound is chosen because the enzyme facilitates the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, turning it into a green and soluble ...