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Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or nontraumatic, [5] and can be classified into three types based on cause: mechanical forces, toxic, and ischemic from lack of blood flow. [6] The damage can also be divided into primary and secondary injury : the cell death that occurs immediately in the original injury, and biochemical cascades that are ...
[1] [2] [3] This can in turn lead to spinal cord compression causing paraplegia. [4] [5] In addition to tuberculosis, other possible causes of gibbus deformity include pathological diseases, hereditary and congenital conditions, and physical trauma to the spine that results in injury.
Some do not develop symptoms until a few days after the injury. [3] Causes may include motor vehicle collisions, falls, sports injuries, and non accidental trauma. [3] [2] A number of underlying mechanisms are proposed including spinal cord contusion, injury to the blood supply to the spinal cord, and excessive stretching of the cord. [3]
Spinal column or vertebral injuries can be classified using the AO spine injury classification system. [5] The three categories - A, B, and C - are based on the location of damage on the vertebra (either on the anterior or posterior segment) and by the direction of the applied injurious force.
Once the spinal injury has occurred, one of two things may happen. Firstly, hemorrhaging within the spinal cord may cause compression, which damages the spinal cord even further. Another consequence of myelomalacia is improper circulation of blood to the area damaged, resulting in further damage to the spinal cord. [citation needed]
The cause is usually a disc herniation in the lower region of the back. [1] Other causes include spinal stenosis, cancer, trauma, epidural abscess, and epidural hematoma. [1] [2] The diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by medical imaging such as MRI or CT scan. [1] [3] CES is generally treated surgically via laminectomy. [1]
Tethered spinal cord can be caused by various conditions but the main cause is when tissue attachments limit the movement of the spinal cord in the spinal column which causes abnormal stretching of the cord. The tethered spinal cord syndrome is correlated with having the causes: [9] Spina bifida. Occulta; Mylomeningocele; Meningocele; History ...
Additionally, if L6 fuses to another vertebra this is increasingly likely to cause lower back pain. [3] The presence of a sixth vertebra in the space where five vertebrae normally reside also decreases the flexibility of the spine and increases the likelihood of injury. [4]