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Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or nontraumatic, [5] and can be classified into three types based on cause: mechanical forces, toxic, and ischemic from lack of blood flow. [6] The damage can also be divided into primary and secondary injury : the cell death that occurs immediately in the original injury, and biochemical cascades that are ...
The most common form of myelopathy in humans, cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), [2] [3] also called degenerative cervical myelopathy, [4] results from narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal stenosis) ultimately causing compression of the spinal cord. [5] When due to trauma, myelopathy is known as (acute) spinal cord injury.
Type C injuries are those associated with damage to both anterior and posterior aspects of the vertebral column resulting in displacement of the disconnected segments in any direction. [5] [6] This classification system can be used to classify injury to the cervical, thoracolumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal column.
[4] [5] Common underlying mechanisms include degenerative or traumatic changes to the discs and facet joints, which can then cause secondary pain in the muscles and nerves and referred pain to the bones, joints and extremities. [3] Diseases and inflammation of the gallbladder, pancreas, aorta and kidneys may also cause referred pain in the back ...
Scoliosis is a common spinal disease in which the spine has a curvature usually in the shape of the letter "C" or "S". This is most common in girls, but there is no specific cause for scoliosis. [5] Only a few symptoms occur for one with this disease, which include feeling tired in the spinal region or backaches.
After age 50 or 60, osteoarthritic degeneration (spondylosis) or spinal stenosis are more likely causes of low back pain or leg pain. 4.8% of males and 2.5% of females older than 35 experience sciatica during their lifetime. Of all individuals, 60% to 80% experience back pain during their lifetime. In 14%, pain lasts more than two weeks.
Neurogenic shock results from damage to the spinal cord above the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra. [5] It is found in about half of people who have a spinal cord injury within the first 24 hours, and usually persists for one to three weeks. [5] Neurogenic shock may be caused by severe brain injury. [6]
Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common form of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). It is characterized by loss of power and sensation in arms and hands. It usually results from trauma which causes damage to the neck, leading to major injury to the central corticospinal tract of the spinal cord. [1]