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In manufacturing and mechanical engineering, flatness is an important geometric condition for workpieces and tools. Flatness is the condition of a surface or derived median plane having all elements in one plane. [1] Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing has provided geometrically defined, quantitative ways of defining flatness operationally.
A surface plate is a solid, flat plate used as the main horizontal reference plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling setup. [1] The surface plate is often used as the baseline for all measurements to a workpiece, therefore one primary surface is finished extremely flat with tolerances below 11.5 μm or 0.0115 mm per ...
Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field. It is important to many disciplines and is mostly known for the machining of precision ...
Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography. While the historical notion of a profilometer was a device similar to a phonograph that measures a surface as the surface is moved relative to the contact profilometer's stylus , this notion is changing with the emergence of numerous non-contact ...
Surface roughness can be regarded as the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property.
Flatness is more easily measured with a co-ordinate measuring machine. But neither of these methods can measure flatness more accurately than about 2.5 μm (9.8 × 10 −5 in). Optical flats in a wooden case. Another method that is commonly used with lapped parts is the reflection and interference of monochromatic light. [1]
Flatness may refer to: Flatness (art) Flatness (cosmology) Flatness (liquids) Flatness (manufacturing), a geometrical tolerance required in certain manufacturing situations; Flatness (systems theory), a property of nonlinear dynamic systems; Spectral flatness; Flat intonation; Flat module in abstract algebra; Flat morphism in category theory
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).