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Autonomous university typically refers to a university that exercises independent control over its day-to-day operations and curriculum, [1] as opposed to a university in which the government or a government agency controls the academic programs. [1] The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staff ...
As of 14 November 2023, the UGC lists 124 institutes which were granted the deemed to be university status. [2] In 2017, a distinct category of deemed universities was established called Institutes of Eminence Deemed to be Universities , which are regulated differently from other deemed universities to develop into world-class institutions.
Deemed university, or "Deemed-to-be-University", is a status of autonomy granted by the Department of Higher Education on the advice of the UGC, under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956. [9] [10] Private universities are approved by the UGC. They can grant degrees but they are not allowed to have off-campus affiliated colleges. [11] [12]
In official documents they are called "autonomous bodies", [8] "university-level institutions", [9] or even simply "other central institutions". [10] Such institutes include: Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a group of autonomous engineering, science, and management institutes with special funding and administration.
Institutions of Eminence (IoE) is a recognition status set up in 2017 for higher education institutes in India, by the University Grants Commission.Recognised institutions are granted more autonomy, both administratively and academically, are allowed to open offshore campuses, and enjoy better collaboration opportunities with global universities.
In some instances, it is deemed in the public interest (by the legislative branch of government) for regulatory agencies to be given powers in addition to the above. This more interventionist form of regulation is common in the provision of public utilities, which are subject to economic regulation. In this case, regulatory agencies have powers to:
Greenland, an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark, has been self-governed since 2009. [1] Pictured: Nuuk, Greenland. Self-governance, self-government, self-sovereignty, or self-rule is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of regulation without intervention from an external authority.
This characterization implies that autonomy is a property of the relation between two agents, in the case of robotics, of the relations between the designer and the autonomous robot. Self-sufficiency, situatedness, learning or development, and evolution increase an agent's degree of autonomy.", according to Rolf Pfeifer.