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Eclogue 4, also known as the Fourth Eclogue, is a Latin poem by the Roman poet Virgil. The poem is dated to 40 BC by its mention of the consulship of Virgil's patron Gaius Asinius Pollio . The work predicts the birth of a boy, a supposed savior, who—once he is of age—will become divine and eventually rule over the world.
The Roman emperor Constantine the Great was one of the first major figures to believe that Eclogue 4 was a pre-Christian augury concerning Jesus Christ. [9]According to Classicist Domenico Comparetti, in the early Christian era, "A certain theological doctrine, supported by various passages of [Judeo-Christian] scripture, induced men to look for prophets of Christ among the Gentiles". [10]
The tenth eclogue stands alone, summing up the whole collection. Numerous verbal echoes between the corresponding poems in each half reinforce the symmetry: for example, the phrase "Plant pears, Daphnis" in 9.50 echoes "Plant pears, Meliboeus" in 1.73. [6] Eclogue 10 has verbal echoes with all the earlier poems.
An eclogue is a poem in a classical style on a pastoral subject. Poems in the genre are sometimes also called bucolics . The term is also used for a musical genre thought of as evoking a pastoral scene.
Eclogue 4, addressed to Asinius Pollio, the so-called "Messianic Eclogue", uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate). 5 and 8 describe the myth of Daphnis in a song contest, 6, the cosmic and mythological song of Silenus; 7, a heated poetic contest, and ...
Eclogue II (featuring an amoebaean song contest) and Eclogue VI (which relates to an aborted amoebaean song contest), providing a middle frame around Eclogue IV, corresponding to Virgil's Eclogues III and VII. [7] Poems with dialogue (Eclogues II, IV and VI) are interwoven with poems containing long monologues (Eclogues I, III, V and VII). [8]
[4] Hubbard concludes that "Although intermixed with some Calpurnian references, the primary models for the characters and situation of Nem.1 are clearly Vergilian". [5] According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary, [6] the threnody on Meliboeus recalls the praises of Daphnis in Virgil's Eclogue V.
Messiah is a 'sacred eclogue' by Alexander Pope, composed in 1712. [1] It is based on the Fourth Eclogue of Virgil, and is an example of English Classicism's appropriation and reworking of the genres, subject matter and techniques of classical Latin literature.