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Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite, and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. [3] Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead, tin, titanium, and zinc, and alloys such as brass.
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy is one of the two branches of extractive metallurgy which pertains to the processes of reducing valuable, non-iron metals from ores or raw material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Metals like zinc , copper , lead , aluminium as well as rare and noble metals are of particular interest in this field, [ 1 ] while the more ...
Non-metallic inclusions that arise because of different reactions during metal production are called natural or indigenous. They include oxides, sulfides, nitrides and phosphides. Apart from natural inclusions there are also parts of slag, refractories, material of a casting mould (the material the metal contacts during production) in the metal ...
Yonezawa provides a general definition: [2]: 260 When a material 'conducts' and at the same time 'the temperature coefficient of the electric conductivity of that material is not positive under a certain environmental condition,' the material is metallic under that environmental condition. A material which does not satisfy these requirements is ...
Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
Examples include iron, nickel, lead and zinc. Copper is also considered a base metal because it oxidizes relatively easily, although it does not react with HCl. In mining and economics, the term base metals refers to industrial non-ferrous metals excluding precious metals. These include copper, lead, nickel and zinc. [3]
Non-ferrous slag can be characterized into copper, lead, and zinc slags due to the ores' compositions, and they have more potential to impact the environment negatively than ferrous slag. The smelting of copper, lead and bauxite in non-ferrous smelting, for instance, is designed to remove the iron and silica that often occurs with those ores ...
France has been a major producer of non-ferrous metals (ZnS-blende and PbS-galena) as well as non-metallic raw materials (BaSO4-barytine, CaF2-fluorite), which are particularly abundant in deposits at the interface between ancient basement and transgressive sedimentary series. These zones of fluid circulation have trapped mineral solutions.