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Hortaea werneckii is a species of yeast in the family Teratosphaeriaceae. [1] It is a black yeast that is investigated for its remarkable halotolerance. [2] [3] While the addition of salt to the medium is not required for its cultivation, H. werneckii can grow in close to saturated NaCl solutions. [4]
Black yeasts, sometimes also black fungi, dematiaceous fungi, microcolonial fungi or meristematic fungi [1] is a diverse group of slow-growing microfungi which reproduce mostly asexually (fungi imperfecti). Only few genera reproduce by budding cells, while in others hyphal or meristematic (isodiametric) reproduction is preponderant.
Ear and skin infections by the bacteria Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis are commonly secondary to atopic dermatitis. [5] Dogs with the condition often present with erythema. The axillae, ventral abdomen, distal extremities, inner pinnae; and periocular, perioral, and perianal regions are commonly affected.
Like many other black yeasts, Exophiala phaeomuriformis is known only by its asexual form and no sexual form has been found. [4] [5] [8] It is a thermophilic fungus preferring temperatures between 37–42 °C (99–108 °F) [2] but growing at any temperature between 15–42 °C (59–108 °F). [3]
In extreme cases dogs exhibit vision impairment and have deep infections in the nasal cavity, kidneys, and the cerebellum. In dogs, brain infections similar to infections found in humans may occur. Other clinical signs are lesions, abscesses, and severe inflammation throughout the dog's body.
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The disease in dogs can affect the lungs and skin, but more commonly the eye and central nervous system. [20] Ringworm is a fungal skin disease that in dogs is caused by Microsporum canis (70%), Microsporum gypseum (20%), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (10%). Typical signs in dogs include hair loss and scaly skin. [21]