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Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands properly after changing a baby's diaper or after performing anal hygiene can prevent foodborne illness from spreading. [citation needed] The common factors in the fecal-oral route can be summarized as five Fs: fingers, flies, fields, fluids, and food.
The predominant organisms are of oropharyngeal flora origin and include AGNB, Fusobacterium [17] and Peptostreptococcus spp. Anaerobes involve almost all dental infections. These include dental abscesses, [18] endodontal pulpitis and periodontal (gingivitis and periodontitis) infections, and perimandibular space infection.
[1] [7] HPV16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. [3] Between 60% and 90% of the other cancers listed above are also linked to HPV. [7] HPV6 and HPV11 are common causes of genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis. [1] An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus ...
Radiation mask used in the treatment of throat cancer Radiation therapy is the most common form of treatment. There are different forms of radiation therapy, including 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, particle beam therapy , and brachytherapy, which are commonly used in the treatment of cancers of the head ...
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Oropharyngeal dysphagia is the inability to empty material from the oropharynx into the esophagus as a result of malfunction near the esophagus. [5]