Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A "matte" layer forms in this step, containing most of the copper originating from the crude lead bullion and some other impurities as metal sulfides. The speiss and the matte are usually sold to copper smelters where they are refined for copper processing. The lead from the blast furnace, called lead bullion, then undergoes the drossing process.
The required temperature varies both in absolute terms and in terms of the melting point of the base metal. Examples: Iron oxide becomes metallic iron at roughly 1250 °C (2282 °F or 1523 K), almost 300 degrees below iron's melting point of 1538 °C (2800 °F or 1811 K).
Copper was initially recovered from sulfide ores by directly smelting the ore in a furnace. [10] The smelters were initially located near the mines to minimize the cost of transport. This avoided the prohibitive costs of transporting the waste minerals and the sulfur and iron present in the copper-containing minerals.
As a result of low copper prices and the onset of the Great Depression, the Quincy Mining Company ceased operations on September 22, 1931. [9] The company boarded up facilities including the smelter. [10] The mine itself remained closed from 1931 through 1936, until an increase in copper prices in 1937 prompted reopening the mine. [11]
The process used at the Lünen smelter involves charging the furnace with copper residues and scrap containing between 1 and 80% copper and then melting it in a reducing environment. This produces a "black copper phase" and a low-copper silica slag. Initially the black copper was converted to blister copper in the ISASMELT furnace. [57]
Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!
CMC operates 212 facilities in the United States and Poland, including electric arc furnace mini-mills, scrap recycling facilities, and steel fabrication plants. [1] In its fiscal 2023 year, it shipped 6.1 million short tons of steel to external customers; 84% of its sales were in the United States and 16% of its sales were from its facilities ...
If you love Scrabble, you'll love the wonderful word game fun of Just Words. Play Just Words free online!