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An anabatic wind, from the Greek anabatos, verbal of anabainein meaning "moving upward", is a warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side, driven by heating of the slope through insolation. [1] [2] It is also known as upslope flow. These winds typically occur during the daytime in calm sunny weather.
Diurnal wind system variation in the Appalachian mountain range. Mountain and valley breezes form through a process similar to sea and land breezes. During the day, the sun heats up mountain air rapidly while the valley remains relatively cooler. Convection causes it to rise, causing a valley breeze. At night, the process is reversed.
A local wind that carries cold, high-density air from a higher elevation downslope under the force of gravity as a result of the radiative cooling of the upland ground surface at night, usually at speeds on the order of 10 kn (19 km/h) or less but occasionally at much higher speeds. Contrast anabatic wind. Kelvin temperature scale
In a more general case, several effects may be present and if the synoptic wind is opposed to the anabatic wind, additional convergence occurs at the top of the mountain. [3] It is also possible to create a convergence zone behind the mountain when the synoptic wind can divide and go around it to meet again (ex. Puget Sound Convergence Zone ...
A katabatic wind (named from Ancient Greek κατάβασις 'descent') is a downslope wind caused by the flow of an elevated, high-density air mass into a lower-density air mass below under the force of gravity.
Orographic precipitation, also known as relief precipitation, is precipitation generated by a forced upward movement of air upon encountering a physiographic upland (see anabatic wind). This lifting can be caused by: Upward deflection of large-scale horizontal flow by the orography.
Prevailing winds are strongly influenced by Earth's overall atmospheric circulation, in addition to smaller-scale and shorter-lived weather phenomena. In meteorology, prevailing wind in a region of the Earth's surface is a surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction. The dominant winds are the trends in direction of wind ...
Extreme wind (70 mph or greater) Downpours; Heavy rain; Flood, flash flood, coastal flooding; Hail; High winds – 93 km/h(58 mph) or higher. Lightning; Thundersnow, Snowsquall; Tornado; Windstorm (gradient pressure induced) Severe thunderstorm (hailstorm, downburst: microbursts and macrobursts)