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This tensile test of a nodular cast iron demonstrates low ductility. ... Percent elongation, or engineering strain at fracture, can be written as: [17] [18] [19]
Brittle materials, which include cast iron, glass, and stone, are characterized by the fact that rupture occurs without any noticeable prior change in the rate of elongation, [1]: 59 sometimes they fracture before yielding. Brittle materials such as concrete or carbon fiber do not have a well-defined yield point, and do not strain-harden ...
The percentage of fibrous linkages increase as temperature increases until the linkup is entirely fibrous linkages. In this state, even though yield strength is lower, the presence of ductile fracture and a higher crack tip radius of curvature results in a higher toughness.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
Iron-cementite meta-stable diagram. Cast iron's properties are changed by adding various alloying elements, or alloyants. Next to carbon, silicon is the most important alloyant because it forces carbon out of solution. A low percentage of silicon allows carbon to remain in solution, forming iron carbide and producing white cast iron.
The ASTM D638 measures plastics tensile properties including ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Poisson's ratio. The most common testing machine used in tensile testing is the universal testing machine .
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While most varieties of cast iron are weak in tension and brittle, ductile iron has much more impact and fatigue resistance, due to its nodular graphite inclusions. Augustus F. Meehan was awarded U.S. patent 1,790,552 in January 1931 for inoculating iron with calcium silicide to produce ductile iron subsequently licensed as Meehanite , still ...