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The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the "All Files: HTTP" link in the "View the book" box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc.).
Typography, type-founding, and typeface design began as closely related crafts in mid-15th-century Europe with the introduction of movable type printing at the junction of the medieval era and the Renaissance. Handwritten letterforms of the mid-15th century calligraphy were the natural models for letterforms in systematized typography. [1]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 December 2024. Art of arranging type "Typographer" redirects here. For the typewriter, see Typographer (typewriter). Not to be confused with Type design, Topography, Typology, or Topology. A specimen sheet of the Trajan typeface, which is based on the letter forms of capitalis monumentalis or Roman ...
In the history of Western typography humanist minuscule gained prominence as a model for the typesetter's roman typeface, as it was standardized by Aldus Manutius, who introduced his revolutionary italic typeface based on the chancery hand in Venice, 1501, and was practised by designer-printers Nicolas Jenson and Francesco Griffo; roman type ...
Modern Typography is a 1920s principle that expresses a reaction against what its proponents perceived as a decadence of typography and design emerging from the late 19th century. This amalgam consists of the foundations and overall notions of Design Concept, Typeface, Objective, Model of Vision, and its significance among readers.
The availability of cheap or free fonts made the conversion to do-it-yourself easier, but also opened up a gap between skilled designers and amateurs. The advent of PostScript, supplemented by the PDF file format, provided a universal method of proofing designs and layouts, readable on major computers and operating systems.
A complex fleuron with thistle from a 1870 edition of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. A fleuron (/ ˈ f l ʊər ɒ n,-ə n, ˈ f l ɜːr ɒ n,-ə n / [1]), also known as printers' flower, is a typographic element, or glyph, used either as a punctuation mark or as an ornament for typographic compositions.
Fournier's type construction. In 1723, the French government agreed that types should be subject to standards. By 1737, the younger Fournier decided to begin creating his punches to a scale of 6 ciceros or 72 points to the Paris inch, instead of the then-standard height-to-paper method.