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According to the most recent study by EPA, when compared to the baseline of the 1970 and 1977 regulatory programs, by 2020 the updates initiated by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments would be costing the United States about $60 billion per year, while benefiting the United States (in monetized health and lives saved) about $2 trillion per year. [77]
The Clean Air Act of 1963 (CAA) was passed as an extension of the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955, encouraging the federal government via the United States Public Health Service under the then-Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to encourage research and development towards reducing pollution and working with states to establish their own emission reduction programs.
The first amendment came in 1960, which extended research funding for four years. The next amendment came in 1962 and basically enforced the principle provisions of the original act. In addition, this amendment also called for research to be done by the Surgeon General. In 1967, the Air Quality Act of 1967 was passed. In 1967, the Air Quality ...
1973 – Endangered Species Act (amended 1978, 1982) 1974 – Safe Drinking Water Act (amended 1986, 1996) 1975 – Hazardous Materials Transportation Act; 1976 – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) (amended 1984, 1996) 1976 – Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (amended 2016) 1977 – Clean Water Act (amended FWPCA of 1972)
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are pollution control standards issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The term is used in the Clean Air Act Extension of 1970 (CAA) to refer to air pollution emission standards, and in the Clean Water Act (CWA) referring to standards for water pollution discharges of industrial wastewater to surface waters.
Furthermore, the 2nd Circuit cited the Supreme Court’s 1987 holding in International Paper Co. v. Ouellette that the Clean Water Act “has been interpreted to permit only state lawsuits brought ...
Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires the Administrator of the EPA to establish standards "applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from…new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in [her] judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare" (emphasis added). [3]
The Clean Air Act amendments of 1970 (CAA) and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act amendments of 1972 (Clean Water Act) moved environmental concerns in a new direction. The new CAA standards that were to be promulgated were unattainable with existing technology—they were technology-forcing.