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Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Plant disease triangle. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [10] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [11]
Much like diseases of humans and other animals, plant diseases occur due to pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, phytoplasmas, protozoa, and parasitic plants. [1] Plant disease epidemiologists strive for an understanding of the cause and effects of disease and develop strategies to intervene in situations where crop ...
They can cause plant disease and can infect a broad range of hosts in several monocot and dicot plant families. [3] Smuts are cereal and crop pathogens that most notably affect members of the grass family and sedges . Economically important hosts include maize, barley, wheat, oats, sugarcane, and forage grasses.
The following are examples of disease management plans used to control macrocyclic and demicyclic diseases: Macrocyclic disease: Developing a management plan for this type of disease depends largely on whether the urediniospores (rarely termed the "repeating stage") occur on the economically important host plant or the alternate host.
Plant material can also be the cause of leaf spot disease. These include infected seeds, transplants and discarded culls and leaves. [2] Tools used by humans and worker's hands during transplants, watering, and market practices can contribute to the dispersal of leaf spot pathogens. [8]
This category includes economically significant plant diseases and the organisms that cause them including, fungi, bacteria, protists and viruses. For more information on plant pathology see phytopathology. For insects that transmit plant pathogens see Insect vectors of plant pathogens.
Stem rot is a disease caused by a fungus infection in the stem of crop plants. Fungus that causes stem rot are in the Rhizoctonia, Fusarium or Pythium genera. Stem rot can readily infect crops that are in their vegetative or flowering stages. The disease can survive up to five years in the soil. [1]